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高中英语教学中关系副词引导的定语从句
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【英语专业求职信范文】关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。名词+关系副词+定语从句，引导定语从句的关系副词主要有where，when和why。why只能引导由名词reason作先行词的定语从句。关系副词where，when，why所引导的定语从句用来说明先行词所发生的地点、时间和原因，因此关系副词首先是起连接主从句的作用，其次在定语从句中作地点、时间或原因状语。
一、where的语法功能相当于in（on，at，from……）+地点名词或表示地点的副词there，here等。例：①As a child，he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where/on which he lived. （where=on the small farm）当他还是一个小孩的时候，他就习惯了艰苦的劳动，并帮助他的父亲在他们所生活的农场干活。②This is the village where/in which I was born.（where=in the village）这就是我出生的村庄。
二、when的语法功能相当于in（on，at，from……）+时间名词或表时间的副词。例：①This was a time when/at which there were still slaves in the U.S.A.这是一个在美国仍处在奴隶制度的时代。 when=at that time在从句中作时间状语。②I’ll never forget the day when/on which I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。when=on that day.
三、why引导的定语从句主要用来限定reason的内容，why=for which。例：①This is the reason why/for which I did so.这就是我要这么做的理由。②The reason why/fOr which he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard.他这次考试成功的原因是因为他学习非常努力。
注意（1）：先行词为“时间名词”，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：
I still remember the day when/on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）
I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作宾语）
注意（2）：先行词是“地点名词”，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：
This is the factory where/in which he worked last year.（作状语）
This is the factory which/that they visited last year.（作宾语）
注意（3）：先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。比较：
The reason why/for which/（that）he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.
I don’t believe the reason （that/which）he gave me）. （作宾语）
Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success？ （作主语）
注意（4）：当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that，in which，或how引导，that常可以省略。 way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。比较：
This is the way （that）/in which I do such things.
Please do the experiment in the way （that/which） I have shown you.
练习：
（1）The film brought the hours to me I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A. until B.that C.when D.where （2001NMET）
（2）.The film brought the hours to me I spent in that far away village.
A.until B.that C.when D.where
两个句子的先行词都为the hours，指时间。但在第一题中，后面从句主谓宾结构齐全，所以先行词在句子中只能做时间状语，I was taken good care of during the hours，用during which或when引导定语从句，选出第二题中后面句子缺少及物动词spent的宾语，所以用that和which引导定语从句，选B。
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