| 摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第9-10页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第15-18页 |
| CHAPTER 1 Introduction | 第18-35页 |
| 1.1 General Introduction | 第18-20页 |
| 1.2 Review of literature | 第20-35页 |
| 1.2.2 Biogeochemical cycle of Cd | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2.3 Health effects of Cd on human health | 第21-22页 |
| 1.2.4 Toxic effects of Cd in rice | 第22-23页 |
| 1.2.5 Morpho-physiological features of rice which favors Cd uptake | 第23页 |
| 1.2.6 Physiological functions affected by Cd | 第23-24页 |
| 1.2.7 Cd transport pathways and role of Cd transporters | 第24-31页 |
| 1.2.8 Factors affecting Cd uptake and transport | 第31-35页 |
| CHAPTER 2 The effect of the medium’s pH and Cd stress on seedling growth | 第35-49页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第35-36页 |
| 2.2 Materials and methods | 第36-39页 |
| 2.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.2 pH measurement and Cd treatment | 第37-38页 |
| 2.2.3 Treatments layout | 第38页 |
| 2.2.4 Plant harvesting | 第38-39页 |
| 2.2.5 Procedure of recording observations: | 第39页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第39页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第39-45页 |
| 2.3.1 Morphology of plants | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.2 Impact of cadmium and pH on shoot fresh weight (g) of ZJZ17 and XZYcultivars | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3.3 Root fresh weight (g) affected by Cd concentrations and pH levels of riceseedlings | 第41-42页 |
| 2.3.4 Influence of Cd concentrations and pH levels on shoot dry weight (g) of ZJZ17and XZY rice cultivars | 第42页 |
| 2.3.5 Effect of Cd concentrations and pH levels on root dry weight (g) of two ricecultivars | 第42-43页 |
| 2.3.6 Shoot length (Cm) influenced by Cd and pH treatments | 第43-44页 |
| 2.3.7 Cadmium and pH stress on root length (Cm) of ZJZ17 and XZY | 第44-45页 |
| 2.3.8 SPAD chlorophyll values affected by Cd concentrations and pH levels | 第45页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第45-49页 |
| CHAPTER 3 Combine effect of Cd and pH levels on metal uptake and translocationproperties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings | 第49-71页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第49-51页 |
| 3.2 Materials and methods | 第51-54页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第51-52页 |
| 3.2.2 pH measurement and Cd treatment | 第52页 |
| 3.2.3 Plant harvesting | 第52页 |
| 3.2.4 Metal concentration determination | 第52-53页 |
| 3.2.5 Statistical analysis | 第53-54页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第54-65页 |
| 3.3.1 Cadmium accumulation in rice shoots affected by five pH and three Cdconcentrations | 第54页 |
| 3.3.2 Cadmium accumulation in rice roots affected by five pH and three Cdconcentrations | 第54-55页 |
| 3.3.3 Total Cd accumulation rate(mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)) | 第55-56页 |
| 3.3.4 Cd Translocation factor (CdTF) | 第56-57页 |
| 3.3.5 Bio-concentration factor (BCF) of Cd in shoot and root | 第57-58页 |
| 3.3.6 Tolerance index % (Ti) of Cd | 第58-59页 |
| 3.3.7 Zn accumulation in rice shoots | 第59页 |
| 3.3.8 Zn uptake in roots | 第59-60页 |
| 3.3.9 Total Zn accumulation rate(mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)) | 第60-61页 |
| 3.3.10 Translocation factor (ZnTF) of Zn | 第61-62页 |
| 3.3.11 Fe accumulation in rice shoots | 第62-63页 |
| 3.3.12 Fe content in rice roots | 第63页 |
| 3.3.13 Total Fe accumulation rate (mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)) | 第63-64页 |
| 3.3.14 Fe Translocation factor (FeTF) | 第64-65页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第65-71页 |
| 3.4.1 Cd content and CdTAR in rice seedlings | 第66-67页 |
| 3.4.2 Zinc content and ZnTAR | 第67-68页 |
| 3.4.3 Fe content in Shoots and roots and FeTAR | 第68-71页 |
| CHAPTER 4 Relative expression of different genes influenced by pH and Cd levels | 第71-95页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第71-75页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第75-79页 |
| 4.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第75页 |
| 4.2.2 pH measurement and Cd treatment | 第75页 |
| 4.2.3 Plant harvesting | 第75页 |
| 4.2.4 RNA extraction from shoots and roots by Trizol method | 第75-77页 |
| 4.2.5 Steps involved in Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) | 第77页 |
| 4.2.6 Results calculation: | 第77-78页 |
| 4.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第78-79页 |
| 4.3 Results | 第79-88页 |
| 4.3.1 The relative expressions of OsNRAMP1 | 第79-80页 |
| 4.3.2 The relative expressions of OsHMA2 | 第80页 |
| 4.3.3 The relative expressions of OsIRT1 | 第80-81页 |
| 4.3.4. The relative expressions of OsNRAMP5 | 第81-82页 |
| 4.3.5 The relative expressions of OsZIP5 | 第82-83页 |
| 4.3.6 The relative expressions of OsYSL15 | 第83-84页 |
| 4.3.7 The relative expressions of OsCOPT1 | 第84-85页 |
| 4.3.8 The relative expressions of OsMGT1 | 第85页 |
| 4.3.9 The relative expressions of OsNAAT1 | 第85-86页 |
| 4.3.10 The relative expressions of OsIRO2 | 第86-87页 |
| 4.3.11 The relative expressions of OsPT2 | 第87页 |
| 4.3.12 The relative expressions of OsYSL2 | 第87-88页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第88-95页 |
| CHAPTER 5 Major findings and future perspectives | 第95-97页 |
| 5.1 Major findings | 第95页 |
| 5.2 Future perspectives | 第95-97页 |
| REFERENCES | 第97-109页 |
| LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING PHD STUDY | 第109-110页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第110-112页 |
| AUTHOR'S RESUME | 第112页 |
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