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烟田供氮对烤烟总氮和烟碱积累的影响
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（1福建省烟草农业科学研究所，福州，350003；2中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京，100094；3福建省烟草专卖局烟叶购销公司，福州，350003。）
【摘 要】福建烟田土壤中无机氮(NO3-N+NH4-N)含量随施氮量增加而增加，在烟株移栽21-35d时达到最大值，而后因烟株吸收利用而迅速下降；土壤无机氮中以NO3-N为主，NH4-N含量相对较低。随生育期的推迟，烟株地上部总氮含量不断下降，但施氮量增加，下降幅度减慢；烟株地上部总氮累积量、烟碱含量和烟碱累积量不断增加，施氮量愈高增加幅度愈大。烟株地上部总氮含量的下降和累积量的增加主要集中在移栽后35-70d，烟碱含量和累积量的上升主要集中在移栽56d后，并且在烟叶采收结束时仍未见减缓。总氮积累速率在移栽21d开始增加，到移栽84d时趋于0，烟碱积累速率在移栽后35d开始增加，移栽96d后才逐渐减缓。烤烟生育期内，土壤矿化氮地总量达36.15kg/hm2以上。
【关键词】烤烟；氮肥；烟碱；物质积累Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer on accumulation of total nitrogen and nicotine of flue-cured tobacco Li Wenqing1 Chen Shunhui1 Jiang Rongfeng2 Zhang Fushuo2 Zhang Renjiao3 Li Chunying3 Li Chunjian2 Ju Xiaotang2 Lin Zubin1(1Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou,350003; 2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University, Beijing,100094; 3Fujian Provincial Leaf Tobacco Corporation,Fuzhou,350003)Abstract Inorganic nitrogen (NO3--N+NH4+-N) contents were increased while nitrogenous applied fertilizer was increased in Fujian tobacco field, it reached its highest in 21-35d after transplanted, and decreased quickly later. The majority of Inorganic nitrogen was NO3--N, and NH4+-N was much fewer comparatively. In tobacco growth period, total nitrogen content was decreased, but its range was smaller as the increasing of amount of applied nitrogen; total nitrogen accumulation, nicotine content and nicotine accumulation were increased constantly, and their ranges were larger as the increasing of amount of applied nitrogen. The decreasing of total nitrogen content and increasing of total nitrogen accumulation were distributed in 35-70d after transplanted; while the increasing of nicotine content and nicotine accumulation were distributed in 56 days’ later after transplanted, and didn’t stop until the end of growth period. The rate of total nitrogen accumulation was increased in 21d’ later after transplanted, and decreased to 0 in 84d; while the rate of nicotine accumulation was increased in 35d’ later after transplanted, decreased in 96d’ later. It was more than 36.15kg/hm2 soil mineral nitrogen in tobacco growing period.
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