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清代学者焦循独特的易学构架
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摘要：本文考述了焦循的旁通、相错、时行三说，并在此基础之上提出了一系列看法：1.焦循以普遍联系和爻位运动的观点研究《周易》，把《周易》六十四卦视为具有内在联系的“生生不息”的动态系统，比之孤立、静止地研究《周易》一卦一爻，更有意义。2.焦循独特的易学构架是建立在客观分析的考据基础之上，不宜武断否定。3.焦循易学构架并非纯象数的研究，而是以象数为载体，阐发儒家的道德义理和自己“修齐治平”的政治理想。4.焦循以“声训”为媒介的两卦或数卦之间的关联是否《周易》本义值得讨论，其“声训”缺乏充分的文献旁证是一大缺憾。
关键词：焦循；易学；象数；义理；声训
A particular I Ching learning structure established by JIAO Xun of the Qing Dynasty
Abstract: This paper made a textual research on JIAO Xuns theories of Pangtong (a relationship between two completely opposite hexagrams), Xiangcuo (a relationship between a hexagram and its inversion), and Shixing (conducting with time). Basing on this, the author points out: at first, it is more significant for JIAO Xuns regarding the 64 hexagrams of Zhouyi as a interrelated, everchanging, dynamic system departing from views of universality of inter reaction and transformations between lines of a hexagram, than studying a hexagram or a line in isolation. Secondly, the establishment of JIAO Xuns particular I Ching learning structure is based on textual research with objective analysis. So, it is not advisable to negate it arbitrarily. Thirdly, JIAO Xuns I Ching learning does not base merely on images and numbers, but take advantage of them as a carrier to elaborate his political ideal with Confucian virtues and self cultivation. At last, it is worthy of discussing on whether it is the original meaning or not to acoustically explain interrelations between 2 or more hexagrams by JIAO Xun, yet, it is regretful that his acoustic explanation lacks of adequate documentary prop．
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