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“圣人深见《易》道之无穷”
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摘要：朱熹在注释“五十以学易”一语时，曾陈“圣人深见《易》道之无穷”和《易》不可不学又不可易学的治《易》体会。本文据此考察了朱子治《易》理路：一是对《易》道和《易》书的定位，认为圣人所深见的《易》道不仅仅指《易》的生生之道，而且还涵《易》书本为卜筮而作的本义；二是对治《易》困境的省思，认为因《易》之本义被遮蔽，且《易》道还需经历见得之故，故《易》成为难读的“天书”。得出：朱子认定只有达至“此心大段虚明宁静”之境后，方可像圣人一样“深见《易》道之无穷”，证成“学《易》无大过”的生命境界。
关键词：朱熹；易学；生生之道；卜筮
“The sages deeply recognized the unfathomable profoundness of the Dao of Yi”: on ZHU Xi’s approaches to studying the Yi
Abstract:In annotating “Give me a few more years, so that I may have spent a whole fifty in studying the Yi, and I believe that after all I should be fairly free from error” (from the Analects of Confucius), ZHU Xi had recounted that “the sages had deeply recognized the unfathomable profoundness of the Dao (Way) of the Yi” and his experience that the Yi had but was difficult to be studied. Depending upon this, the paper examined ZHU’s idea of studying the Yi: firstly, for the orientation of the Dao of the Yi and the Yi for the sake of book, he thought the Dao of Yi deeply acknowledged by the sages not only refers to the Dao of producing and reproducing, but also conceives the implications of that the Yi was originally an oracle book; secondly, for the contemplation and retrospection in studying the Yi, he thought that, because the original factors of the Yi were covered and it needs certain experiences of life to understand the Dao of the Yi, the Yi turned out to be a book from heaven difficult to be understood. Finally, ZHU zi firmly believed that only if one had attainted to the state of “void and tranquility”, could he “deeply recognize the unfathomable Dao of the Yi” as the sages do and prove the life realm of “freedom from error”.
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