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论中世纪西欧封建主义的政治结构
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【内容提要】西欧封建主义的政治结构随着中世纪中期封建主领地的世袭化进程而确立起来。其主要特征是封建权利对公共权利的最大限度的排斥，领主和附庸间的私人契约取代了国家的公共法律，公共权利沦为私下义务。由于领主—附庸间纵向阶梯型网络的破毁，西欧封建国家的领土界限极为模糊，各国君主不仅对内无法实行统一的管理，对外也不能以主权者的身份进行平等的交往。因此，在封建主义政治结构之下，中世纪西欧便不存在任何完整意义上的“国际关系”。
【英文摘要】The establishment of the feudal political structure in the medieval Western Europe was accompanied with the transitionalprocess of feudal seigniors manors transforming intohereditary estates.The main features of this institutioninclude the following:the utmost exclusion of public rights by feudal rights;the substitution of private contracts betweenseignior and appendage for public laws;and the evolvement ofpublic rights to private duties.Since the vertical hierarchical framework was destroyed,so the boundary lines among the Western European countries were rather ambiguous and unclear.The kings of Western European Kingdoms can neither impose an unitary internal administration nor communicate with others equally as overeigns.Thus,under the condition of feudal political structure,there did not exist international relations in the real comprehensive meanings in the medieval Western Europe.
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