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试论实践的唯心主义
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【英文标题】Preliminary Opinion on the Practical IdealismLI Yijia(Department of Philosophy,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)
【内容提要】“实践的唯心主义”是马克思的唯物史观中的一个重要概念。它指那种自以为能够决定社会存在（市民社会）的“实践的意识”（社会权力），即剥削阶级的国家。其中，“唯心主义”一词表示这类国家颠倒了公共权力对市民社会的关系，把它对社会生活的领导变成了对群众的经济剥削；“实践的”一词则表示借以进行剥削的手段是暴力实践。实践的唯心主义是历史上第一种形式的唯心主义，马克思用它来揭示作为上层建筑首领的国家的本质。
【英文摘要】The practical idealismis a fundamental conception in Marxshistorical materialism.It refers to a certainpractical consciousness(societal power)that regarded itself as a determinative factor of societal being(civil society),namely,to the state of exploiting class.In the conception,idealismindicates that the stats,which put the relation of public powerto civil society upside down,rurn their leadership on societallife into economic exploitation of the people;practicalindicates that the means of exploitation is forcible practice.The practical idealism was the first type of idealism in history,with this conception Marx brought to light the essence of statethat had been taken by him as the head of superstructure.
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