| | | 快速城市化地区遗产廊道适宜性分析方法探讨——以台州市为例
| | 园林景观论文遗产廊道是绿道基础上形成的园林景观论文概念，融休闲游憩、文化与生态保护于一体。本文运用最小累积阻力模型，结合GIS技术尝试探讨遗产廊道适宜性分析的园林景观论文新途径。主要的思路是：把遗产和生态休闲活动作为一种空间水平过程，基于土地利用属性和遗产廊道元素的不同阻力分布，模拟其空间扩张状况，在此基础上进一步分析确定适宜建立廊道的区域。依据公众偏好调查，和在此基础上的专业人员评价，来确定土地利用属性和遗产廊道元素的阻力系数。在有关探讨的基础上，针对一个快速城市化进程中的典型地区——浙江台州市案例，进行了比较详细的呈示和讨论。
关键字：遗产廊道；景观规划；适宜性分析；开放空间系统；文化遗产保护；景观规划
Suitability analysis of heritage corridor in rapidly urbanizing region: a case study 0f Taizhou City
YU Kong-jian, LI Wei, LI Di-hua, LI Chun-bo,HUANG Gang, LIU Hai-long
(Graduate School of Landscape Architecture．Peking University．Beijing 100871．China)
Abstract:As a concept based on greenway development,heritage corridor,which combined recreation and tourism development with ecological restoration and cultural conservation,has come into being in the United States since the 1980s.With rapid development in the study of greenway network,plans of heritage greenway network were proposed for heritage conservation as part of ecological infrastructure in regional scale in recent years world wide.As many cases have shown,suitability analysis is the key in greenway planning study.Some approaches of greenway suitability analysis given in the former cases were too complicated and too much data dependent to be applicable in the Chinese condition.
With GIS(geographic information system)technology and MCR(minimum cumulative resistance)model being used,a new approach of heritage corridor suitability analysis is designed to analyse and identify the suitability of potential areas for heritage corridors. This approach is featured in the following aspects:
1)A heritage corridor is defined as a linear landscape element that combines the function of recreational activities,heritage protection and ecological processes.
2)In addition to the physical factors of heritages,the process of recreational use is the major concern in the definition of the suitability of a heritage corridor.
3)Recreational activities associated with heritages are considered as a horizontal process going across the landscape.This process is taken as an active process which overcomes the cumulative landscape resistance affected by land uses and covers. The less accumulative resistance a user is going to experience across the landscape,the more suitable the landscape is designated as heritage corridors.
4)The suitability of a landscape for a heritage corridor is therefore represented through the relative accumulative resistance in the process that a user experiences across the landscape towards or between heritage sites.
5)The calculation of accumulative landscape resistance is based on the cost-distance from the sources(heritage sites)to any points in the landscape.Different land uses and covers contribute differently to the resistance,and their weights are based on the evaluation by experts and inquiry of the local people.
A case study in a rapidly urbanizing region,Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province,is presented.
Key words:heritage corridor;landscape planning; Suitability analysis; open space system; Cultural heritage conservation; landscape planning
1 引言
不少学者都设想过把遗产保护与生态保护结合起来，以实现区域与城市的可持续发展。如在“重提大地园林化”设想下把历史保护与城市绿化等结合起来[1]，或者是在历史文化遗产周边开辟“绿色天窗”，以利于城市生态保护和美化[2]等等。从景观规划研究来说，实现遗产与生态保护结合目标，就需要在借鉴有关理念的基础上，辨识并建立绿色文化遗产廊道，并将之作为一种区域和城市生态基础设施来加以建设和保护[3]。
所谓遗产廊道(heritage corridors)，是一种线性的文化景观，可以是具有文化意义的运河、道路以及铁路线等，也可以指通过适当的景观整理措施，联系单个的遗产点而形成具有一定文化意义的绿色通道[4]。伊利诺伊和密歇根运河国家遗产廊道(Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor)是首个通过美国国会立法指定的国家遗产廊道，标志着遗产廊道这一概念的提出和确立。目前，国家遗产廊道已经成为美国保护地系统的重要组成部分[5]。作为一种保护理念，从规划角度看，遗产廊道可以理解为一种地区发展战略或规划方法，作为一个地方资源整合的结构和方法出现，强调文化遗产保护、经济发展、生态保护的多赢，其作法就经常表现为把一些遗产通过建设绿色通道连接起来。
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