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清代四川粮食亩产与农业劳动生产率研究
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[摘 要]四川是全国著名的稻作区之一，清代四川粮食平均亩产约为222．58千克／市亩，平均每个成年农业劳动力一年约可生产原粮140千克，可养活连其自身在内的4口人。18世纪中期，四川一个普通农民全年所得。大约表现为银13．04两，或钱10400余文。清代四川农民以“过密化”为代价，使粮食总产大幅度增长，而清末粮食亩产急剧下滑，折射出重大的社会危机。当时四川余粮、粮食消费、农村基本生活情况，与粮食亩产、劳动生产率紧密相关，并为后两者的合理估测提供佐证。
[关键词]粮食亩产；农业劳动生产率；水稻；余粮；粮食消费；基本生活
Research on Per Mu Grain Yield and Agricultural Labour Productivity
in Sichuan During the Qing Dynasty
Abstract: Sichuan is one of the well - known rice farming areas where there is relatively much information of per mu rice yield as a focus of research. The survey shows that per mu grain yield in Sichuan during the Qing dynasty is to have been 222.58kg/shimu, and that per adult farmer per year can be to have produced about1423kg of raw rice which is sufficient to support 4 people(including the farmer oneself). During the mid-18th century, an ordinary Sichuan farmer could have earned approximately 13.04 liang of silver, or over 10400 wen of copper coins (qian). During the Qing dynasty, Sichuanese farmers greatly increased the total output of grain. And at the end of the dynasty, per mu grain yield declined sharply, which was refracting a significant social cri- sis. Then, Sichuanese surplus grain, grain consumption and the rural situations of basic living were closely linked to per mu grain yield and labour productivity. And the former three give some evidence to the inferential reasonability of the latter two.
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