| | | 性别对哮喘发病年龄的影响
| | 免费论文【关键词】 性别
Effect of gender on onset age of asthmatic patients
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the effect of gender on the onset age of asthmatic patients. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was performed in 230 lifetime nonsmoking asthmatic patients successively recruited into Department of Respiratory Medicine and Department of Pediatrics in our hospital from March to December in 2003. The patients were asked to answer questions including age, sex, the date of first onset of wheezing, existence of chronic cough and its persistence. RESULTS: In the 226 patients qualified for questionnaire, 89 patients (39%) showed chronic persistent cough before the first onset of wheezing, of whom the incidence of chronic cough in female asthmatic patients was significantly higher than that in male (47.4% vs 33.6%, χ2=4.38, P<0.05). The asthmatic symptoms, including chronic cough and wheezing, occurred later in female (median=29 years old) than in male (median=13 years old). The younger in age the patients who suffered from chronic cough, the shorter the period of chronic cough before the first onset of wheezing （rs=0.60213， P=0.0001）. CONCLUSION: There is a significant age difference in the development of asthma between sexes. The sexual hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
【Keywords】 asthma; chronic cough; male; female; wheezing; questionnaire survey
【摘要】 目的免费论文：探究支气管哮喘患者首次喘息以及首次喘息以前慢性咳嗽的免费论文发病年龄和性别差异. 方法：选择200303/200312期间我院呼吸科和儿科门诊就诊及住院的连续230例不吸烟的普通哮喘患者，进行临床问卷调查. 问卷的内容包括性别、年龄、首次喘息发作时间、首次喘息发作前有无慢性咳嗽、慢性咳嗽的持续时间等. 结果：在226份有效调查问卷中，女性慢性咳嗽高峰出现在成年后（中位数29岁），男性发病高峰则在幼儿期（中位数为13岁）. 哮喘患者发病年龄与首次喘息前的慢性咳嗽时间呈正相关（rs=0.60213， P=0.0001）, 女性慢性咳嗽的发病率较男性高（两者分别为47.4%和33.6%,χ2=4.38, P<0.05）. 结论：在哮喘的发病年龄上，存在明显的性别差异. 性激素可能在哮喘的发病中起到一定的作用.
【关键词】 哮喘;慢性咳嗽;男性;女性；喘息;问卷调查
0引言
喘息和慢性咳嗽是哮喘的主要症状. 多数资料认为哮喘各年龄段均可发病，男女无显著差异［1］，然而也有学者认为男女哮喘发病年龄不同［2-3］，绝经后激素替代治疗者哮喘发病率增高［4］ . 因此，哮喘的发病是否存在性别与年龄差异，目前尚无定论. 我们通过问卷调查，试图对哮喘的发病年龄和性别差异进行探究.
1对象和方法
1.1对象选择200303/200312我院呼吸内科和儿科门诊及住院的连续226(男131，女95)例不吸烟哮喘患者，年龄3～76（38±18）岁, 哮喘病程0.5～68 a. 所有对象都符合中华医学会呼吸分会2002年颁布的支气管哮喘防治指南确定的诊断标准［5］，临床上有反复发作的喘息. 咳嗽持续时间≥3 wk判定为慢性咳嗽［6］.
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