| | | 济南市水源性高碘地区分布及其流行病学调查
| | 动物医学论文【关键词】 饮用水；碘；高碘地区；流行病学
摘要： 目的动物医学论文 了解山东省济南市水源性高碘地区分布及其流行病学状况，为采取科学防治策略提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查方法，对该市地处黄河以北2县的动物医学论文所有乡镇按照东、西、南、北、中5个不同方位各抽取5个村庄，每个村庄采集饮用水2份检测饮水碘含量，并了解饮水类型及水井深度。每个村庄采集5户居民食用盐样检测。结果 调查2个县的29个乡镇，采集检测居民饮水376份，其水碘含量均值(1121±913)μg／L，中位数903μg／L(05～6052μg／L)，居民户碘盐覆盖率902％。在29个乡镇中存在7个高碘地区，累计受危害199317人。7个高碘地区都处于黄河以北的黄河冲积平原，集中分布、相连成片。水碘含量与水井深度呈正相关。检测居民随意尿样725份，其尿碘中位数3270μg／L(356～29385μg／L)。检查居民甲状腺725人，甲状腺肿大率48％。结论 济南市现有7个高碘地区，居民甲状腺肿大率在正常范围，但其碘营养水平呈过剩状态，应停止碘盐供应，采取分类防治策略。
关键词： 饮用水；碘；高碘地区；流行病学
Regional distribution of iodine excess in drinking water and its epidemiology in Jinan
Abstract： Objective To master the present conditions of iodine excess and its epidemiology in Jinan city,for providing the evidence for control.Methods A cross section was adopted for the epidemiological survey in all of townships from 2 counties.Two samples of drinking water from each village were tested for water iodine content as well as the data regarding to their resourses and the depth of wells.Five samples of edible salt were collected for quantitative analysis at each village.Results Twenty-nine townships were investigated.Three hundred and seventy six samples of drinking water were tested,in which values of iodine content were(112.1±91.3)μg/L in mean,90.3μg/L (0.5-605.2Mg/L) in median.The rate of iodized salt is 90.2%.About twenty thousand people were at risk for iodine excess arid living in 7 townships where iodine concentration was over 150μg/L in drinking water.All of them were mainly located in alluvial plain of Yellow river.There was positive relationship between content of iodine water and its depth of well.The medium of urinary iodine in 725 inhabitants from 29 townships were 327.0 μg/L (35.6-2938.5μg/L).Thyroid goiter rate(TGR) of 725 subjects was 4.8%.Conclusion There were 7 areas with iodine excess in drinking water in Jinan.TGR was in normal range,but the nutrition level of iodine was excess in inhabitants.It was suggested that iodized salt supply should be stopped in 7 townships and taking different strategies against iodine deficiency or iodine excess in the city.
Key words： drinking water;iodine;excess;epidemiology
20世纪90年代，河北、山东省陆续在渤海平原发现水源性高碘性甲状腺肿流行地区〔1，2〕。历史上山东高碘危害地区集中分布在德州、滨州地区。1998年《山东省实施(食盐加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理条例)办法》未把地处鲁北平原的济南市商河、济阳2个县列为碘缺乏地区，却实施了碘盐供应。为掌握该地高碘地区分布及其流行病学状况，在2个县进行调查。结果报告如下。
1 材料与方法
11 地理概况 济南市辖6区1市3县，地势南高北低，处在鲁中丘陵与鲁北冲积平原的交接地带，兼有山麓与平原低地。仅有济阳、商河2个县全为平原地区，历史上曾被认为存在大面积水源高碘。
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