| | | 儿童被动吸烟现状及宣传教育效果评价
| | 医学护理论文【关键词】 儿童；被动吸烟；控烟
摘要： 目的医学护理论文 了解目前儿童被动吸烟的医学护理论文状况及评价有关宣教措施的效果。方法 随机选取791名9～11岁学生，对其家庭成员吸烟情况及其对儿童健康的影响进行问卷调查，并选择其中的312名学生的家庭成员进行相关卫生知识的宣传教育干预，并评价卫生宣传教育的效果。结果 (1)儿童被动吸烟率为465%，主要来自父亲，比例高达7663%。(2)在最近的一个学期内，被动吸烟组的支气管炎和上呼吸道感染的发病率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<005)。2组儿童的肺炎和哮喘的发病率差异无统计学意义(P>005)。2组儿童的身高和体重差异均无统计学意义(P>005)。(3)对312个家庭进行被动吸烟对儿童健康危害的健康知识宣传后，被动吸烟率下降了51%，有684%的人表示愿意为了孩子的健康戒烟，但还有113%的人不愿意戒烟。干预前后吸烟者的吸烟量没有明显的改变。结论 目前儿童被动吸烟状况不容乐观，针对儿童健康的卫生宣传教育可起到一定的控烟效果。
关键词： 儿童；被动吸烟；控烟
Investigation on present situation of childrens exposure to passive smoking and evaluation on health propagation
Abstract： Objective To know the present situation of the childrens exposure to passive smoking and the effect of the relative health propagation.Methods The smoking state of childrens family members and its effects on 791 chidren aged 10～11 years were investigated with questionnaire,among whom 312 childrens family members were chosen randomly to take the relative health propagation,and the effect of the propagation was evaluated.Results (1)The rate of chidrens exposure to passive smoking was 46.5%,which mainly came from fatherssmoking,up to 76.63%.(2)In the latest term,the incidence of bronchitis and the infection on the upper air tube of the children exposed to passive smoking were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05),while there were no significant difference between the incidence of pneumonia and asthma of the two groups (P>0.05).And there were no significant difference between the statue and the weight of the two groups (P>0.05).(3)After the health propagation of the adverse effects of passive smoking,the rate of passive smoking reduced by 5.1%,and 68.4% smokers would like to give up smoking for the childrens health,while 11.3% smokers would not.The smoking quantities had no significant changes.Conclusion The present situation of the childresns exposure to passive smoking is still serious,and to some extent,the health propagation about the childrens health is useful to the smoking control.
Key words： children;passive smoking;smoking control
1996年全国吸烟流行病学调查资料显示，我国人群在家中被动吸烟率为712%〔1〕，儿童是主要的受害者之一。为了解目前儿童被动吸烟的状况及其对儿童健康的影响，2002年12月～2004年12月在广州市随机选择3所小学，对其三、四年级的学生被动吸烟的现状及其对儿童健康的影响进行调查，并对其中一所小学的学生家长进行被动吸烟危害儿童健康的宣传，以评价宣教措施的效果，为实施有效的干预和宣传措施提供科学依据。
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