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用需求美学取代功利美学——兼析作为证据的鸟类多彩羽毛
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摘 要：自苏格拉底倡导的功利美学观因其缺陷，一再被批判和抛弃；而反功利主义美学观解释美感必然性和审美现象总是非常牵强。笔者发现，功利主义和反功利主义之争源于共同的教条：满足是快感的必然原因。如果我们用需求代替功利，或者说用不满足代替满足，那么，要解释各种审美现象就非常容易。为此笔者提出基于反馈控制模型的需求美学。它不仅用于解决美学问题，同时用于解决进化论问题：昆虫和鸟雀为什么觉得某些形式美的问题。文中还通过不少带有艳丽羽毛的鸟雀的图片, 令人信服地证明：鸟类的美感心理和其食物需求相关。
abstract： the utilitarian aesthetics initiated by socrates was criticized again and again because its defects. yet, it is very far-fetched for anti-utilitarian aesthetics to explain the inevitability of beauty sense. the author found that the arguments between utilitarians and anti-utilitarians came from the common doctrine: satisfaction is necessary cause of pleasant feeling. if we replace utility with need, or replace dissatisfaction with satisfaction, then it will be much easier to explain various aesthetic phenomena. so, the author proposes the need aesthetics, which is based on a feedback control model. this theory can not only resolve aesthetic problems, but also resolve the evolutionary problem: why insects and birds feel some forms beautiful? to prove convectively that there is relationship between avian aesthetic mentality and their need, the paper provides a number of pictures of birds with beautiful feathers.
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